/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2011 NetApp, Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2026 Hans Rosenfeld
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NETAPP, INC ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL NETAPP, INC OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
#include <sys/capsicum.h>
#endif
#include <sys/cpuset.h>
#include <sys/domainset.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#include <sys/time.h>
#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
#include <sys/un.h>
#endif
#include <sys/wait.h>

#include <machine/atomic.h>

#ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
#include <capsicum_helpers.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <libutil.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <pthread_np.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
#include <ucl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <libxo/xo.h>
#endif

#include <dev/vmm/vmm_mem.h>
#include <vmmapi.h>

#include "acpi.h"
#include "bhyverun.h"
#include "bootrom.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "debug.h"
#ifdef BHYVE_GDB
#include "gdb.h"
#endif
#include "ipc.h"
#include "mem.h"
#include "mevent.h"
#include "pci_emul.h"
#ifdef __amd64__
#include "amd64/pci_lpc.h"
#endif
#include "qemu_fwcfg.h"
#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
#include "snapshot.h"
#endif
#include "tpm_device.h"
#include "vmgenc.h"
#include "vmexit.h"

#define MB		(1024UL * 1024)
#define GB		(1024UL * MB)

int guest_ncpus;
uint16_t cpu_cores, cpu_sockets, cpu_threads;

int raw_stdio = 0;

#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
char *restore_file;
#endif

static const int BSP = 0;

static cpuset_t cpumask;

static struct vm_mem_domain guest_domains[VM_MAXMEMDOM];
static int guest_ndomains = 0;

static void vm_loop(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vcpu *vcpu);

static struct vcpu_info {
	struct vmctx	*ctx;
	struct vcpu	*vcpu;
	int		vcpuid;
} *vcpu_info;

static cpuset_t **vcpumap;

static void
monitor_pipe_handler(int fd __unused, enum ev_type type __unused,
    void *param __unused)
{

	exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
}

static void
monitor_pipe_init(int fd)
{
#ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
	cap_rights_t rights;

	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_EVENT);
	if (caph_rights_limit(fd, &rights) == -1)
		err(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR, "Unable to apply rights to monitor pipe");
#endif

	if (mevent_add(fd, EVF_READ, monitor_pipe_handler, NULL) == NULL)
		errx(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR, "Unable to register parent exit event");
}

/*
 * XXX This parser is known to have the following issues:
 * 1.  It accepts null key=value tokens ",," as setting "cpus" to an
 *     empty string.
 *
 * The acceptance of a null specification ('-c ""') is by design to match the
 * manual page syntax specification, this results in a topology of 1 vCPU.
 */
int
bhyve_topology_parse(const char *opt)
{
	char *cp, *str, *tofree;

	if (*opt == '\0') {
		set_config_value("sockets", "1");
		set_config_value("cores", "1");
		set_config_value("threads", "1");
		set_config_value("cpus", "1");
		return (0);
	}

	tofree = str = strdup(opt);
	if (str == NULL)
		errx(4, "Failed to allocate memory");

	while ((cp = strsep(&str, ",")) != NULL) {
		if (strncmp(cp, "cpus=", strlen("cpus=")) == 0)
			set_config_value("cpus", cp + strlen("cpus="));
		else if (strncmp(cp, "sockets=", strlen("sockets=")) == 0)
			set_config_value("sockets", cp + strlen("sockets="));
		else if (strncmp(cp, "cores=", strlen("cores=")) == 0)
			set_config_value("cores", cp + strlen("cores="));
		else if (strncmp(cp, "threads=", strlen("threads=")) == 0)
			set_config_value("threads", cp + strlen("threads="));
		else if (strchr(cp, '=') != NULL)
			goto out;
		else
			set_config_value("cpus", cp);
	}
	free(tofree);
	return (0);

out:
	free(tofree);
	return (-1);
}

static int
parse_int_value(const char *key, const char *value, int minval, int maxval)
{
	char *cp;
	long lval;

	errno = 0;
	lval = strtol(value, &cp, 0);
	if (errno != 0 || *cp != '\0' || cp == value || lval < minval ||
	    lval > maxval)
		errx(4, "Invalid value for %s: '%s'", key, value);
	return (lval);
}

int
bhyve_numa_parse(const char *opt)
{
	int id = -1;
	nvlist_t *nvl;
	char *cp, *str, *tofree;
	char pathbuf[64] = { 0 };
	char *size = NULL, *cpus = NULL, *domain_policy = NULL;

	if (*opt == '\0') {
		return (-1);
	}

	tofree = str = strdup(opt);
	if (str == NULL)
		errx(4, "Failed to allocate memory");

	while ((cp = strsep(&str, ",")) != NULL) {
		if (strncmp(cp, "id=", strlen("id=")) == 0)
			id = parse_int_value("id", cp + strlen("id="), 0,
			    UINT8_MAX);
		else if (strncmp(cp, "size=", strlen("size=")) == 0)
			size = cp + strlen("size=");
		else if (strncmp(cp,
		    "domain_policy=", strlen("domain_policy=")) == 0)
			domain_policy = cp + strlen("domain_policy=");
		else if (strncmp(cp, "cpus=", strlen("cpus=")) == 0)
			cpus = cp + strlen("cpus=");
	}

	if (id == -1) {
		EPRINTLN("Missing NUMA domain ID in '%s'", opt);
		goto out;
	}

	snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf), "domains.%d", id);
	nvl = find_config_node(pathbuf);
	if (nvl == NULL)
		nvl = create_config_node(pathbuf);
	if (size != NULL)
		set_config_value_node(nvl, "size", size);
	if (domain_policy != NULL)
		set_config_value_node(nvl, "domain_policy", domain_policy);
	if (cpus != NULL)
		set_config_value_node(nvl, "cpus", cpus);

	free(tofree);
	return (0);

out:
	free(tofree);
	return (-1);
}

void
bhyve_cfg_warn(const char *old, const char *new)
{
	if (get_config_value(old) != NULL &&
	    get_config_value(new) == NULL) {
		warnx("'%s' is deprecated, use '%s' instead", old, new);
		set_config_value(new, get_config_value(old));
	}
}

static void
calc_mem_affinity(size_t vm_memsize)
{
	int i;
	nvlist_t *nvl;
	bool need_recalc;
	const char *value;
	struct vm_mem_domain *dom;
	char pathbuf[64] = { 0 };

	need_recalc = false;
	for (i = 0; i < VM_MAXMEMDOM; i++) {
		dom = &guest_domains[i];
		snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf), "domains.%d", i);
		nvl = find_config_node(pathbuf);
		if (nvl == NULL) {
			break;
		}

		value = get_config_value_node(nvl, "size");
		need_recalc |= value == NULL;
		if (value != NULL && vm_parse_memsize(value, &dom->size)) {
			errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid memsize for domain %d: '%s'", i,
			    value);
		}

		dom->ds_mask = calloc(1, sizeof(domainset_t));
		if (dom->ds_mask == NULL) {
			errx(EX_OSERR, "Failed to allocate domainset mask");
		}
		dom->ds_size = sizeof(domainset_t);
		value = get_config_value_node(nvl, "domain_policy");
		if (value == NULL) {
			dom->ds_policy = DOMAINSET_POLICY_INVALID;
			DOMAINSET_ZERO(dom->ds_mask);
		} else if (domainset_parselist(value, dom->ds_mask, &dom->ds_policy) !=
		    CPUSET_PARSE_OK) {
				errx(EX_USAGE, "failed to parse domain policy '%s'", value);
		}
	}

	guest_ndomains = i;
	if (guest_ndomains == 0) {
		/*
		 * No domains were specified - create domain
		 * 0 holding all CPUs and memory.
		 */
		guest_ndomains = 1;
		guest_domains[0].size = vm_memsize;
	} else if (need_recalc) {
		warnx("At least one domain memory size was not specified, distributing"
		    " total VM memory size across all domains");
		for (i = 0; i < guest_ndomains; i++) {
			guest_domains[i].size = vm_memsize / guest_ndomains;
		}
	}
}

/*
 * Set the sockets, cores, threads, and guest_cpus variables based on
 * the configured topology.
 *
 * The limits of UINT16_MAX are due to the types passed to
 * vm_set_topology().  vmm.ko may enforce tighter limits.
 */
static void
calc_topology(void)
{
	const char *value;
	bool explicit_cpus;
	uint64_t ncpus;

	value = get_config_value("cpus");
	if (value != NULL) {
		guest_ncpus = parse_int_value("cpus", value, 1, UINT16_MAX);
		explicit_cpus = true;
	} else {
		guest_ncpus = 1;
		explicit_cpus = false;
	}
	value = get_config_value("cores");
	if (value != NULL)
		cpu_cores = parse_int_value("cores", value, 1, UINT16_MAX);
	else
		cpu_cores = 1;
	value = get_config_value("threads");
	if (value != NULL)
		cpu_threads = parse_int_value("threads", value, 1, UINT16_MAX);
	else
		cpu_threads = 1;
	value = get_config_value("sockets");
	if (value != NULL)
		cpu_sockets = parse_int_value("sockets", value, 1, UINT16_MAX);
	else
		cpu_sockets = guest_ncpus;

	/*
	 * Compute sockets * cores * threads avoiding overflow.  The
	 * range check above insures these are 16 bit values.
	 */
	ncpus = (uint64_t)cpu_sockets * cpu_cores * cpu_threads;
	if (ncpus > UINT16_MAX)
		errx(4, "Computed number of vCPUs too high: %ju",
		    (uintmax_t)ncpus);

	if (explicit_cpus) {
		if (guest_ncpus != (int)ncpus)
			errx(4, "Topology (%d sockets, %d cores, %d threads) "
			    "does not match %d vCPUs",
			    cpu_sockets, cpu_cores, cpu_threads,
			    guest_ncpus);
	} else
		guest_ncpus = ncpus;
}

static int
bhyve_pincpu(int vcpu, int pcpu)
{
	const char *value;
	char *newval;
	char key[16];

	if (vcpu < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "invalid vcpu '%d'\n", vcpu);
		return (-1);
	}

	if (pcpu < 0 || pcpu >= CPU_SETSIZE) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hostcpu '%d' outside valid range from "
		    "0 to %d\n", pcpu, CPU_SETSIZE - 1);
		return (-1);
	}

	snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "vcpu.%d.cpuset", vcpu);
	value = get_config_value(key);

	if (asprintf(&newval, "%s%s%d", value != NULL ? value : "",
	    value != NULL ? "," : "", pcpu) == -1) {
		perror("failed to build new cpuset string");
		return (-1);
	}

	set_config_value(key, newval);
	free(newval);
	return (0);
}

int
bhyve_pincpu_parse(const char *opt)
{
	int vcpu_first, vcpu_last, pcpu_first, pcpu_last;
	int vcpu, pcpu;

	if (sscanf(opt, "%d-%d:%d-%d", &vcpu_first, &vcpu_last, &pcpu_first, &pcpu_last) == 4) {
		if (vcpu_first > vcpu_last || pcpu_first > pcpu_last) {
			fprintf(stderr, "invalid range (must be ascending): %s\n", opt);
			return (-1);
		}
		if ((vcpu_last - vcpu_first) != (pcpu_last - pcpu_first)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "range sizes do not match: %s\n", opt);
			return (-1);
		}
		for (vcpu = vcpu_first, pcpu = pcpu_first; vcpu <= vcpu_last; vcpu++, pcpu++)
			if (bhyve_pincpu(vcpu, pcpu) != 0)
				return (-1);
		return (0);
	}

	if (sscanf(opt, "%d:%d", &vcpu, &pcpu) == 2)
		return (bhyve_pincpu(vcpu, pcpu));

	fprintf(stderr, "invalid format: %s\n", opt);
	return (-1);
}

static void
parse_cpuset(int vcpu, const char *list, cpuset_t *set)
{
	char *cp, *token;
	int pcpu, start;

	CPU_ZERO(set);
	start = -1;
	token = __DECONST(char *, list);
	for (;;) {
		pcpu = strtoul(token, &cp, 0);
		if (cp == token)
			errx(4, "invalid cpuset for vcpu %d: '%s'", vcpu, list);
		if (pcpu < 0 || pcpu >= CPU_SETSIZE)
			errx(4, "hostcpu '%d' outside valid range from 0 to %d",
			    pcpu, CPU_SETSIZE - 1);
		switch (*cp) {
		case ',':
		case '\0':
			if (start >= 0) {
				if (start > pcpu)
					errx(4, "Invalid hostcpu range %d-%d",
					    start, pcpu);
				while (start < pcpu) {
					CPU_SET(start, set);
					start++;
				}
				start = -1;
			}
			CPU_SET(pcpu, set);
			break;
		case '-':
			if (start >= 0)
				errx(4, "invalid cpuset for vcpu %d: '%s'",
				    vcpu, list);
			start = pcpu;
			break;
		default:
			errx(4, "invalid cpuset for vcpu %d: '%s'", vcpu, list);
		}
		if (*cp == '\0')
			break;
		token = cp + 1;
	}
}

static void
build_vcpumaps(void)
{
	char key[16];
	const char *value;
	int vcpu;

	vcpumap = calloc(guest_ncpus, sizeof(*vcpumap));
	for (vcpu = 0; vcpu < guest_ncpus; vcpu++) {
		snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "vcpu.%d.cpuset", vcpu);
		value = get_config_value(key);
		if (value == NULL)
			continue;
		vcpumap[vcpu] = malloc(sizeof(cpuset_t));
		if (vcpumap[vcpu] == NULL)
			err(4, "Failed to allocate cpuset for vcpu %d", vcpu);
		parse_cpuset(vcpu, value, vcpumap[vcpu]);
	}
}

static void
set_vcpu_affinities(void)
{
	int cpu, error;
	nvlist_t *nvl = NULL;
	cpuset_t cpus;
	const char *value;
	char pathbuf[64] = { 0 };

	for (int dom = 0; dom < guest_ndomains; dom++) {
		snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf), "domains.%d", dom);
		nvl = find_config_node(pathbuf);
		if (nvl == NULL)
			break;

		value = get_config_value_node(nvl, "cpus");
		if (value == NULL) {
			EPRINTLN("Missing CPU set for domain %d", dom);
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}

		parse_cpuset(dom, value, &cpus);
		CPU_FOREACH_ISSET(cpu, &cpus) {
			error = acpi_add_vcpu_affinity(cpu, dom);
			if (error) {
				EPRINTLN(
				    "Unable to set vCPU %d affinity for domain %d: %s",
				    cpu, dom, strerror(errno));
				exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
			}
		}
	}
	if (guest_ndomains > 1 || nvl != NULL)
		return;

	/*
	 * If we're dealing with one domain and no cpuset was provided, create a
	 * default one holding all cpus.
	 */
	for (cpu = 0; cpu < guest_ncpus; cpu++) {
		error = acpi_add_vcpu_affinity(cpu, 0);
		if (error) {
			EPRINTLN(
			    "Unable to set vCPU %d affinity for domain %d: %s",
			    cpu, 0, strerror(errno));
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}
	}
}

void *
paddr_guest2host(struct vmctx *ctx, uintptr_t gaddr, size_t len)
{

	return (vm_map_gpa(ctx, gaddr, len));
}

#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
uintptr_t
paddr_host2guest(struct vmctx *ctx, void *addr)
{
	return (vm_rev_map_gpa(ctx, addr));
}
#endif

int
fbsdrun_virtio_msix(void)
{

	return (get_config_bool_default("virtio.msix", true));
}

struct vcpu *
fbsdrun_vcpu(int vcpuid)
{
	return (vcpu_info[vcpuid].vcpu);
}

static void *
fbsdrun_start_thread(void *param)
{
	char tname[MAXCOMLEN + 1];
	struct vcpu_info *vi = param;

	snprintf(tname, sizeof(tname), "vcpu %d", vi->vcpuid);
	pthread_set_name_np(pthread_self(), tname);

	if (vcpumap[vi->vcpuid] != NULL) {
		if (pthread_setaffinity_np(pthread_self(),
		    sizeof(cpuset_t), vcpumap[vi->vcpuid]) != 0) {
			int i;
			warn("Error pinning vcpu %d to host cpuset@%p", vi->vcpuid,
			    vcpumap[vi->vcpuid]);
			CPU_FOREACH_ISSET(i, vcpumap[vi->vcpuid]) {
				warnx("cpu %d enabled\n", i);
			}
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}
	}

#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
	checkpoint_cpu_add(vi->vcpuid);
#endif
#ifdef BHYVE_GDB
	gdb_cpu_add(vi->vcpu);
#endif

	vm_loop(vi->ctx, vi->vcpu);
	/* We get here if the VM was destroyed asynchronously. */
	exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
}

void
fbsdrun_addcpu(int vcpuid)
{
	struct vcpu_info *vi;
	pthread_t thr;
	int error;

	vi = &vcpu_info[vcpuid];

	error = vm_activate_cpu(vi->vcpu);
	if (error != 0)
		err(EX_OSERR, "could not activate CPU %d", vi->vcpuid);

	CPU_SET_ATOMIC(vcpuid, &cpumask);

	error = vm_suspend_cpu(vi->vcpu);
	assert(error == 0);

	error = pthread_create(&thr, NULL, fbsdrun_start_thread, vi);
	assert(error == 0);
}

void
fbsdrun_deletecpu(int vcpu)
{
	static pthread_mutex_t resetcpu_mtx = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
	static pthread_cond_t resetcpu_cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;

	pthread_mutex_lock(&resetcpu_mtx);
	if (!CPU_ISSET(vcpu, &cpumask)) {
		EPRINTLN("Attempting to delete unknown cpu %d", vcpu);
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
	}

	CPU_CLR(vcpu, &cpumask);

	if (vcpu != BSP) {
		pthread_cond_signal(&resetcpu_cond);
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&resetcpu_mtx);
		pthread_exit(NULL);
		/* NOTREACHED */
	}

	while (!CPU_EMPTY(&cpumask)) {
		pthread_cond_wait(&resetcpu_cond, &resetcpu_mtx);
	}
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&resetcpu_mtx);
}

int
fbsdrun_suspendcpu(int vcpuid)
{
	return (vm_suspend_cpu(vcpu_info[vcpuid].vcpu));
}

static void
vm_loop(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vcpu *vcpu)
{
	struct vm_exit vme;
	struct vm_run vmrun;
	int error, rc;
	enum vm_exitcode exitcode;
	cpuset_t active_cpus, dmask;

	error = vm_active_cpus(ctx, &active_cpus);
	assert(CPU_ISSET(vcpu_id(vcpu), &active_cpus));

	vmrun.vm_exit = &vme;
	vmrun.cpuset = &dmask;
	vmrun.cpusetsize = sizeof(dmask);

	while (1) {
		error = vm_run(vcpu, &vmrun);
		if (error != 0)
			break;

		exitcode = vme.exitcode;
		if (exitcode >= VM_EXITCODE_MAX ||
		    vmexit_handlers[exitcode] == NULL) {
			warnx("vm_loop: unexpected exitcode 0x%x", exitcode);
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}

		rc = (*vmexit_handlers[exitcode])(ctx, vcpu, &vmrun);

		switch (rc) {
		case VMEXIT_CONTINUE:
			break;
		case VMEXIT_ABORT:
			abort();
		default:
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}
	}
	EPRINTLN("vm_run error %d, errno %d", error, errno);
}

static int
num_vcpus_allowed(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vcpu *vcpu)
{
	uint16_t sockets, cores, threads, maxcpus;
	int tmp, error;

	/*
	 * The guest is allowed to spinup more than one processor only if the
	 * UNRESTRICTED_GUEST capability is available.
	 */
	error = vm_get_capability(vcpu, VM_CAP_UNRESTRICTED_GUEST, &tmp);
	if (error != 0)
		return (1);

	error = vm_get_topology(ctx, &sockets, &cores, &threads, &maxcpus);
	if (error == 0)
		return (maxcpus);
	else
		return (1);
}

static struct vmctx *
do_open(const char *vmname)
{
	struct vmctx *ctx;
	int error, flags;
	bool romboot, monitor;

	monitor = get_config_bool_default("monitor.enabled", false);
	romboot = bootrom_boot();

	/*
	 * If we don't have a boot ROM, the guest context must have been
	 * initialized by bhyveload(8) or equivalent.
	 */
	ctx = vm_openf(vmname, romboot ? VMMAPI_OPEN_REINIT : 0);
	if (ctx == NULL) {
		if (errno != ENOENT)
			err(4, "vm_openf");
		if (!romboot)
			errx(4, "no bootrom was configured");
		flags = VMMAPI_OPEN_CREATE;
		if (monitor)
			flags |= VMMAPI_OPEN_CREATE_DESTROY_ON_CLOSE;
		ctx = vm_openf(vmname, flags);
		if (ctx == NULL)
			err(4, "vm_openf");
	}

#ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
	if (vm_limit_rights(ctx) != 0)
		err(EX_OSERR, "vm_limit_rights");
#endif

	error = vm_set_topology(ctx, cpu_sockets, cpu_cores, cpu_threads, 0);
	if (error)
		errx(EX_OSERR, "vm_set_topology");
	return (ctx);
}

bool
bhyve_parse_config_option(const char *option)
{
	const char *value;
	char *path;

	value = strchr(option, '=');
	if (value == NULL || value[1] == '\0')
		return (false);
	path = strndup(option, value - option);
	if (path == NULL)
		err(4, "Failed to allocate memory");
	set_config_value(path, value + 1);
	free(path);
	return (true);
}

void
bhyve_parse_simple_config_file(const char *path)
{
	FILE *fp;
	char *line, *cp;
	size_t linecap;
	unsigned int lineno;

	fp = fopen(path, "r");
	if (fp == NULL)
		err(4, "Failed to open configuration file %s", path);
	line = NULL;
	linecap = 0;
	lineno = 1;
	for (lineno = 1; getline(&line, &linecap, fp) > 0; lineno++) {
		if (*line == '#' || *line == '\n')
			continue;
		cp = strchr(line, '\n');
		if (cp != NULL)
			*cp = '\0';
		if (!bhyve_parse_config_option(line))
			errx(4, "%s line %u: invalid config option '%s'", path,
			    lineno, line);
	}
	free(line);
	fclose(fp);
}

#ifdef BHYVE_GDB
void
bhyve_parse_gdb_options(const char *opt)
{
	const char *sport;
	char *colon;

	if (opt[0] == 'w') {
		set_config_bool("gdb.wait", true);
		opt++;
	}

	colon = strrchr(opt, ':');
	if (colon == NULL) {
		sport = opt;
	} else {
		*colon = '\0';
		colon++;
		sport = colon;
		set_config_value("gdb.address", opt);
	}

	set_config_value("gdb.port", sport);
}
#endif

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int error, status;
	int max_vcpus, memflags;
	struct vcpu *bsp;
	struct vmctx *ctx;
	size_t memsize;
	const char *value, *vmname;
#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
	struct restore_state rstate;
#endif

	bhyve_init_config();
	bhyve_optparse(argc, argv);
	argc -= optind;
	argv += optind;

	if (argc > 1)
		bhyve_usage(1);

#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
	if (restore_file != NULL) {
		error = load_restore_file(restore_file, &rstate);
		if (error) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read checkpoint info from "
					"file: '%s'.\n", restore_file);
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}
		vmname = lookup_vmname(&rstate);
		if (vmname != NULL)
			set_config_value("name", vmname);
	}
#endif

	if (argc == 1)
		set_config_value("name", argv[0]);

	vmname = get_config_value("name");
	if (vmname == NULL)
		bhyve_usage(1);

	if (get_config_bool_default("config.dump", false)) {
		dump_config();
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_POWEROFF);
	}

	calc_topology();
	build_vcpumaps();

	value = get_config_value("memory.size");
	error = vm_parse_memsize(value, &memsize);
	if (error)
		errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid memsize '%s'", value);

	ctx = do_open(vmname);

#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
	if (restore_file != NULL) {
		guest_ncpus = lookup_guest_ncpus(&rstate);
		memflags = lookup_memflags(&rstate);
		memsize = lookup_memsize(&rstate);
	}

	if (guest_ncpus < 1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Invalid guest vCPUs (%d)\n", guest_ncpus);
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
	}
#endif

	calc_mem_affinity(memsize);
	memflags = 0;
	if (get_config_bool_default("memory.wired", false))
		memflags |= VM_MEM_F_WIRED;
	if (get_config_bool_default("memory.guest_in_core", false))
		memflags |= VM_MEM_F_INCORE;
	vm_set_memflags(ctx, memflags);
	error = vm_setup_memory_domains(ctx, VM_MMAP_ALL, guest_domains,
	    guest_ndomains);
	if (error) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to setup memory (%d)\n", errno);
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
	}

	set_vcpu_affinities();
	init_mem(guest_ncpus);
	init_bootrom(ctx);

	if (get_config_bool_default("monitor.enabled", false)) {
		int monitor_pipe[2];
		pid_t child;

		while (1) {
			if (pipe2(monitor_pipe, O_CLOEXEC) == -1)
				err(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR, "pipe2");

			child = fork();
			if (child == -1) {
				EPRINTLN("Monitor mode fork failed: %s",
				    strerror(errno));
				exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
			}
			if (child == 0) {
				close(monitor_pipe[1]);
				monitor_pipe_init(monitor_pipe[0]);
				break;
			}

			close(monitor_pipe[0]);
			while ((error = waitpid(child, &status, 0)) == -1 && errno == EINTR)
			    ;
			close(monitor_pipe[1]);
			if (error == -1) {
				EPRINTLN("Monitor mode wait failed: %s",
				    strerror(errno));
				exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
			}
			if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
				EPRINTLN("Child process was killed by signal %d",
				    WTERMSIG(status));
				exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
			} else {
				status = WEXITSTATUS(status);
				if (get_config_bool_default("monitor.no_reboot", false) ||
				    status != BHYVE_EXIT_RESET)
					exit(status);
			}
			if (vm_reinit(ctx) != 0) {
				EPRINTLN("Monitor mode reinit failed: %s",
				    strerror(errno));
				exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
			};
		}
	}

	bsp = vm_vcpu_open(ctx, BSP);
	if (bsp == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open boot VCPU: %s",
		    strerror(errno));
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
	}

	max_vcpus = num_vcpus_allowed(ctx, bsp);
	if (guest_ncpus > max_vcpus) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%d vCPUs requested but only %d available\n",
			guest_ncpus, max_vcpus);
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
	}

	bhyve_init_vcpu(bsp);

	/* Allocate per-VCPU resources. */
	vcpu_info = calloc(guest_ncpus, sizeof(*vcpu_info));
	for (int vcpuid = 0; vcpuid < guest_ncpus; vcpuid++) {
		vcpu_info[vcpuid].ctx = ctx;
		vcpu_info[vcpuid].vcpuid = vcpuid;
		if (vcpuid == BSP)
			vcpu_info[vcpuid].vcpu = bsp;
		else
			vcpu_info[vcpuid].vcpu = vm_vcpu_open(ctx, vcpuid);

		if (vcpu_info[vcpuid].vcpu == NULL) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open VCPU %d: %s", vcpuid,
			    strerror(errno));
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}
	}

	if (bhyve_init_platform(ctx, bsp) != 0)
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);

	if (qemu_fwcfg_init(ctx) != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "qemu fwcfg initialization error\n");
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
	}

	if (qemu_fwcfg_add_file("opt/bhyve/hw.ncpu", sizeof(guest_ncpus),
	    &guest_ncpus) != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not add qemu fwcfg opt/bhyve/hw.ncpu\n");
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
	}

	/*
	 * Exit if a device emulation finds an error in its initialization
	 */
	if (init_pci(ctx) != 0) {
		EPRINTLN("Device emulation initialization error: %s",
		    strerror(errno));
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
	}
	if (init_tpm(ctx) != 0) {
		EPRINTLN("Failed to init TPM device");
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
	}

	/*
	 * Initialize after PCI, to allow a bootrom file to reserve the high
	 * region.
	 */
	if (get_config_bool("acpi_tables"))
		vmgenc_init(ctx);

#ifdef BHYVE_GDB
	init_gdb(ctx);
#endif

	/*
	 * Add all vCPUs.
	 */
	for (int vcpuid = 0; vcpuid < guest_ncpus; vcpuid++)
		bhyve_start_vcpu(vcpu_info[vcpuid].vcpu, vcpuid == BSP);

#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
	if (restore_file != NULL) {
		FPRINTLN(stdout, "Pausing pci devs...");
		if (vm_pause_devices() != 0) {
			EPRINTLN("Failed to pause PCI device state.");
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}

		FPRINTLN(stdout, "Restoring vm mem...");
		if (restore_vm_mem(ctx, &rstate) != 0) {
			EPRINTLN("Failed to restore VM memory.");
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}

		FPRINTLN(stdout, "Restoring pci devs...");
		if (vm_restore_devices(&rstate) != 0) {
			EPRINTLN("Failed to restore PCI device state.");
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}

		FPRINTLN(stdout, "Restoring kernel structs...");
		if (vm_restore_kern_structs(ctx, &rstate) != 0) {
			EPRINTLN("Failed to restore kernel structs.");
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}

		FPRINTLN(stdout, "Resuming pci devs...");
		if (vm_resume_devices() != 0) {
			EPRINTLN("Failed to resume PCI device state.");
			exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
		}
	}
#endif

	if (bhyve_init_platform_late(ctx, bsp) != 0)
		exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);

	/*
	 * Change the proc title to include the VM name.
	 */
	setproctitle("%s", vmname);

	/*
	 * Thread for handling bhyvectl commands.
	 */
	if (init_ipc_thread(ctx, get_config_value("rundir")) != 0)
		errx(EX_OSERR, "Failed to start IPC thread");

#ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
	caph_cache_catpages();

	if (caph_limit_stdout() == -1 || caph_limit_stderr() == -1)
		errx(EX_OSERR, "Unable to apply rights for sandbox");

	if (caph_enter() == -1)
		errx(EX_OSERR, "cap_enter() failed");
#endif

#ifdef BHYVE_SNAPSHOT
	if (restore_file != NULL) {
		destroy_restore_state(&rstate);
		if (vm_restore_time(ctx) < 0)
			err(EX_OSERR, "Unable to restore time");

		for (int vcpuid = 0; vcpuid < guest_ncpus; vcpuid++)
			vm_resume_cpu(vcpu_info[vcpuid].vcpu);
	} else
#endif
		vm_resume_cpu(bsp);

	/*
	 * Head off to the main event dispatch loop
	 */
	mevent_dispatch();

	exit(BHYVE_EXIT_ERROR);
}